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Assembler (Basic Functions)

An assembler is a system software program that translates assembly language code into machine code. It performs two main functions: assigning machine addresses to symbolic labels and converting mnemonic opcodes to machine instructions. Assemblers can also provide some machine-independent features that make programming easier and more portable. These features include literals, symbol-defining statements, expressions, program blocks, control sections and program linking.

Literals are constants that are written directly in the source code, such as #10 or ='A'. They allow programmers to avoid defining symbols for every constant value they use. Symbol-defining statements are instructions that assign values to symbols, such as EQU or ORG. They can be used to define constants, variables, addresses or macros. Expressions are combinations of symbols and operators that can be evaluated by the assembler, such as A+B or *-100. They can be used to specify operands, addresses or values. Program blocks are segments of code that can be assigned different base addresses or relocation factors. They can be used to organize code into logical units or to support multiple memory models. Control sections are independent pieces of code that can be linked together by the assembler or a linker. They can be used to separate different modules or libraries of code. Program linking is the process of combining control sections into a single executable program. It involves resolving external references, relocating addresses and resolving conflicts.

The following slides will explain these features in more detail and show some examples of how they are used in assembly language programming.

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1 Assemblers System Software by Leland L. Beck Chapter 2.

Assemblers System Software by Leland L. Beck Chapter 2.

CS2422 Assembly Language and System Programming Assembler Design Options Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University.

1 Assemblers System Programming by Leland L. Beck Chapter 2.

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Machine Independent Assembler Features

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Assembler Design Options

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